Regulating device



June 26, 1923 L.- ARNOLD REGULATING DEVICE Filed 19. 1917 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Invent or: Lgman Arnold. 069/1 His Attorneg.

June 26, 1923. 1,459,967

L. ARNOLD REGULATING DEVICE Filed Nov. 19 1917 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Invent or Lgman Arnold,

useful Improvements in Regulating Patented June 26, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LYMAN ARNOLD, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

REGULATING DEVICE.

Application filed November 19, 1917. Serial No. 202,758.

To all whom it may comem:

. Be it known that I, LYMAN ARNOLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and v Devices, of which the following is a speci cation.

. My invention relates to movable coil constant current transformers and reactances.

,Constant currentelectrical apparatus of this type consist of relatively movable windings and a core providing a ma netic circuit inductively relating the win ings. The magnetic repulsion between the windings determines the relative positions of the windings at any instantyand hence controls the currentsupplied to the load. Heretofore ,the almost uniform practice has been to suspend the movable windings and any counter-balancing weights there may be, by

means of cords or other flexible members.

Some of the objects of my invention are to improve such constant current devices,

particularlytransformers, rendering them simpler and chea er, and particularly more rugged, and suita le for mounting outdoors on poles substantially as transformers without moving parts are often mounted. Another advantage of my invention is that aconsiderable part ofthe insulation heretofore applied to the coils to insulate the same from the core, mayeasily be omitted from the coils and applied directly to the core. Since my invention will probably find its greatest application in constant current transformers, I shall hereinafter for the sake of simplicity refer to such transformers substantially entirely; the application of my invention to other devices will be understood therefrom. i

In order that a constant current trans former- (and similar constant current devices) may be mounted outdoors at the top of a pole, it must not only be rugged but it must require but little attention, and must be capable of o crating at an appreciable and variable ang e to the vertical in any direction. Constant current transformers of the usual construction priorto my invention do not meet these requirements; on the other hand, constant current transformers 1 embodying my invention meet these requirements fully and hence are particularly adapted for outdoor pole mounting; but it should be understood that my invention is 'tendants and on firm foundations.

transformers movable windings suspended from above by cords, have been provided with devices which to an extent act some thing like guides to restrain the movements of the coils, for example cooperating grooves and tongues carried directly by the movable windings and the respective winding legs. In such constructions, however, the guides have substantially no function during the normal operation of the transformer, for the friction of such guides is sufiicient to render the operation of the device unsatisfactory if the guides are depended upon to actually guide the coils at all times; the coils of such devices are therefore supported in such a way that the cooperating parts of the guides are normally out of engagement with each other, and act only to restrain the movable windings when the repulsion is so uneven or excessive as to tip the coils or drive the coilis toward the winding legs. My invention is distin uished from this practice in that the movable coils of my invention are positively guided at all times; the repulsion of the coils acts on the friction of the guiding means as through a lever, with the repulsion at a greater distance from the fulcrum of the lever than the friction whereby the effect of the friction on the regulation of the device is sufiiciently nullified. Preferabl also the axes of the core legs of the trans ormer are straight lines. My invention therefore resides princi ally in the substitution of coil aiding an supporting means of the sort I ave indicated, for the coil supporting means of the common prior practice. From another aspect my invention consists in positively guiding both the movable winding or. windings and any weight or weights that may be used for controlling the movement of the movable winding, counterbalancing the winding or otherwise, so that the winding and weight continue to operate effectively irrespective of the angular displacement of the transformer from the vertical. My invention and its distinctions from the prior art will be more completely understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims.

In the accompanying drawings and. the following description I have illustrated and described in some detail the best embodiments of my invention of which I am now aware. Figs. 1 and 2 are two views in elevation of one embodiment of my invention. Fig. 3 illustrates in elevation, partly in sec tion, a preferred embodiment of my invention in a constant current transformer. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the transformer of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of my invention. Fig. 6 is an elevation of a modification of the embodiment of my invention of Fig. 4. And Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a quite different form of device embodying my invention.

The core 10 of the transformer of Figs. 1-

and 2 is of the three legged type; this type of core is well ,known and is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 4. The axes of the wind: ing leg 11 and the outer legs 12 of this'core 10 are substantially straight lines and are disposed substantially horizontally; yoke members 13 complete the magnetic circuit through the winding leg 11 by joining the ends of this winding leg 11 to the ends of the outer legs 12. The windings, mounted about the middle or winding leg 11. comprise a fixed winding 8 of two coils fixed about and adjacent one end of the winding leg 11, and a movable winding 9 also of two coils, about the otherend of the winding leg 11. The

coils of the movable winding 9 are s aced apart and fastened rigidly together by-the blocks 15 and 16 {and bolts 17 and 18. To the upper blocks 16 are rigidly attached two members 19 of a pivoted device which engages with each side of the movable wind-. ing 9 such members being pivotedysome disanoe apart along the shaft 21. This device is a whole forms in effect a pivoted support swung from shaft 21 for the winding 9. The shaft 21 is carried above the winding 9 by suitable means here shown as the frame members 22 which are attached to "the core clamps 23, the winding 9depending pendu lum-like from the shaft21. The legs 24 are attached to lower core clamps 23 and thereby 'the whole transformer iscarried. The cross member 25, carried by one of the frames 22, is the terminal board for the transformer; the winding terminals which usually pass through this terminal board have been omitted in order not to compli cate the drawing. A threaded rod 28, at-

tached to the shaft 21, carries the weight 29 for controlling the movement of the winding 9; the weight29 is thus positively guided in its movements. The weight 29 may be moved along the outer end of the rod 28 by rotation on the threads thereof as appears from the drawing; lockv nuts 30 secure the Weight 29 in any particular position to which it may be moved. The repulsion between the windings 8 and 9 tends to drive the winding 9 to the right in Fig. 1; gravity tends to move the winding 9 to the left or toward the winding 8. The winding 9 moves through an arc of a circle about the center of the shaft 21 as a center; consequently the core opening in the winding 9 must area of the leg 11 to allow this movement.

The operation of the transformer of Figs. 1 and 2 is substantially like the operation of constant current transformers heretofore e sufficiently larger than the cross known: The fixed winding S may be either 7 cuit due to change in load), the movable '9 v or'away from thefixed winding 8 against the force of gravity; flux is thereby increased and the movable winding 9 is repelled to the right (Fig. 1)

the leakage magnetic winding 9 assumes such a new position that the current in the secondary winding remains substantially unaltered in value. As the current tends to decrease, gravity moves the winding 9 inthe opposite direction, toward the winding 8 to maintain the current at substantially a constant value. The-friction of the guiding means resides at the periphery of the shaft 21. The repulsion of the windings acts on this friction by means of a lever in effect, the center of the shaft 21 being the fulcrum of the lever; the repulsion or winding arm of the lever is of a length equal, substantially. to-the distance from the center of the shaft 21 to the center of the winding 9; the friction arm of the lever is of the same length as the radius of the shaft 21. Hence it is that the friction of the guiding means is without material effeet on the regulation of the device. The

weight 29 may be moved along the rod 28 to positively guide-d in its movement by its pivoted arm, and further in that the weight 29, which controls the movement of the movable winding 9, is also positively guided. Consequently the-floor or other support for this transformermay depart from the hori-v zontal (or to sa it in another way, the upright axis of t e transformer may depart from the vertical) by an appreciable angle in any. direction without greatly affecting the operation of the" transformer. If the departure is at right'angles to the plane of the drawing as the apparatus is represented in Fig. 1, then this departure from the vertical for a number of degrees issubstantially without any effect on the operation of the device; if the departure from thevertical is in the plane of the drawing (Fig. 1) it is also without material effect for some displacement, or if the departure becomessufiicient, it may be compensated for by an adjustment of the weight 29 on. the rod 28.

' applied to the core itself instead of to the Furthermore, the scheme of mounting the movable windings just described allows a considerable part of the insulation for insulating the windings from the core to be Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a somewhat, dif-- ferent and a preferred embodiment of my invention. In Fig. 3 the transformer tank is in section to show the, transformer in place therein. laminated as shown and is provided with the core clamps 41 and 42 to hold the laminations in position; these core clamps 41 and v 42 are held together. by the rods 43. As before,

the core is'of the three legged type, the windings 44 and 45 being about the middle or winding leg and as before a considerable part of the insulation for insulating from the windings is applied dithe core rectly to the core instead of to the coils. The axis of the winding leg of the core is generally vertical however in'the case illustrated. 'in Figs. 3 and 4, and the arm 48 which guides the movable winding 45 is.

disposed substantiallv horizontally; this arm is pivoted 3114940 an extension 50 of the core clamp 41'. The rod 54 passes loosely through another extension 53 of the core clamp 41.

movable winding 45; above the core clamp .this rod 54 carries a weight 55 for controlling the movementof' the movable windng 45.. It will be observed that the principal differences between the transformers of Fig. 1

The transformer core 40 is At its lower end this rod 54 is attached 'to the pivoted arm 48 adjacent the and Fig. 3 are that in the latter the coil bearing arm 48 is substantially horizontal instead of vertical as in the former, and the coil controlling weight 55 moves linearly instead of about a pivot as in the transformer of Fig. 1. As before, the movable winding is positively guided by .a pivoted arm. to which it is rigidly attached at both sides,- and also as before the controlling weight 55 is positively guided in its movements. The structure of .Figs. 3 and'4 is evenless affected by a departure of its upright axis from the vertical (or 'the departure of its'floor from the horizontal) than the structure of Figs. 1 and 2 as will apparent. 1

The transformer of Fig. 5 principally distinguishes from those heretofore illustrated anddescribed in that all of the windings are movable with respect to the core. As in the case of the transformer of Fig. 3, the core is of the three legged type, the windings be ing about the middle leg which is substantially vertical. One winding is carried by an arm 61 which is pivoted at 62 at one side of.-= the core. The other winding 64'is carried by a like arm 65 which is pivoted at 66 atthe opposite side of the core. The pivots 62 and 66 are so located that each of the windings 60 and 64 may travel from substantially the center of the winding leg to one of the (and opposite) ends-thereof. A lever 68 is pivoted between) its ends at the top of the core as illustrated; coupling mem bers 69 and- 70 couple the opposite ends of this lever 68 to the free ends of the arms 61 and 65 which guide the windings 60- and 64 in their movements. Asa consequence of the lever. 68 and the coupling members 69 and 7 0, each repulsion of the windings from each other (or movement of the windings toward each other) results in proportional movements of the two windings. A rod 71 fixes any weight desired at' one (or the other) end of the lever to controlthe movements of the windings. toward and from each other. &

This transformer of Fig. 5 operates substantiallv as do the constant current transformers hereinbefore described except that all of the windings move instead of only part ofthe windings. In atransformer of this type both the linear and the angular motions are smaller than in a transformer inwhich onlv a part, of the windings are movable. and hence the pivoted armsand'the mean lengthof turn may be shorter (the core opening the winding not necessarily being so much larger than the core leg cross section). 1

The transformer of Fig. 6 is quite similar to that of Fi 3 except that a lever 7 5, pivoted between its ends on the shaft 74 carried by the upper core clamp 7 8, is used for the weight 76 which controls the movement of the winding 77, while in the structure of Fig. .3 the effect of the weight 55 is added to the weight of its'winding 45. In both cases, of course, the weight controls the movement of its winding.

. The transformer of Fig. 7 is quite similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the core 80 is.

curved along an arc, the center of which is substantially the pivot 81 from which the movable winding 82 is guided. The wind ing 83 is fixed adjacent one end of the core 80. The controlling weight 84 is rigidly carried with the movable winding 82 through the pivot shaft 81. The advantage of the structure of Fig. 7 over that of Fig. 1 is that the opening in the movable winding through which the winding leg of the core passes, may be smaller in the structure of Fig. 7 than in the structure of Fig. 1. It will be apparent that in the structure of Fig. 7, this opening need be only slightly larger than the winding leg. The disadvantage of the structure of Fig. 7 is that it is difficult and expensive, wasteful of labor and generally wasteful of material, to build a core along an arc and to successfully arrange the other parts of the apparatus having such a core.

It will be observed that the arm of each of the devices herein illustrated and described comprises two members rigidly attached to the movable winding, one at each side thereof, and engaging the pivot shaft some distance apart. By thus arranging the arm to grasp the coil at both sides thereof and providing it, in effect, with a long bearing on its pivot, the movable winding is strongly held against tiltin I contemplate, however, that modifications of this arrangement for accomplishing the same re sult will be found.

While I have described the principle of my invention and the best mode I have contemplated for applying this principle, other modifications will occur to those skilled in this art and I aim inthe appended claims to cover all modifications whichdo not involvea departurefromthe spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a constant current electrical apparatus, the combination with a magnetic core having a substantially rectilinear winding leg and cooperating members forming a window, of a plurality of windings surrounding said leg which traverse the windo'w, one of said windings being adapted to move longitudinally along said leg inresponse to impulses engendered by the magnetic interaction of the windings, means rigidly secured to said core exteriorly of said window, and a pivoted device swung from said means for supporting said mova-' ble winding, said device being proportioned to provide a relatively large radius of swing in comparison with the arc of travel.

2. In a constant current electrical appa-' ratus, the combination with a core having a winding leg the axis of which is substantially a straight line and having yokes and another leg completing the magnetic circuit through said winding leg, and two windings about and movable along said winding leg toward and from each other, of two arms pivoted at opposite sides of said winding leg, said arms being rigidly attached to said windings to positively guide the same.

5. In a constant currentelectrioal apparatus, the combination witha core having a winding leg the axis of which is substantially a straight line and substantially verti cal and having yokes and another leg completing the magnetic circuit through said winding leg, and two windings about and movable along said winding le toward and from each other, of two ivote arms'rigidly attached to said win ings to I positively guide the same, a lever pivoted between its ends, and coupling members coupling said arms to opposite ends of said lever. 6. In a constant current electrical apparatus, the combination with a magnetic core having a winding leg and cooperating members forming a window, of a plurality of windings surrounding the winding leg whv :h traverse the window, 'one of said windings being adapted for movement along said leg, means rigidly secured to said core exteriorly of said window, and a mechanically counter-balanced from said means for ble winding. I 7. In a constant current ratus, the combination with a magnetic core having a winding leg and cooperating members forming a window, of a plurality of windings surrounding supporting said movapivoted device swung.

electrical, appathe winding leg.

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, lel axes disposed on op which traverse the window, one of said windings being adapted for movement along said leg, means rigidly secured to said core exteriorly of said Window, and a mechanito constrain them to move in parallelism.

9. In a constant-current transformer havingv relatively movable coils, mounting means for the relatively movable coils constraining their pivotal movement in parallel planes.

10. In a constant-current transformer, the combination with a core member having a leg portion,

rounding said leg portion, said coils being pivotally mounted for rotation about parallel axes disposed on opposite sides of said core member, said axes being perpendicular to a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of said core'member.

11. In a constant-current transformer, the combination with a core member having a leg portion, of two .flat coils loosely sur rounding said leg rtion, said coils being pivotally mounted or rotation about paralsitesides of said ing perpendicular the longitudinal core member, said axes to a plane passing through axis of said core member, and a linkage interconnecting said coils whereby their of two flat coils loosely sur-' planes are at all times maintained Substantially arallel.

12. n a constant-current transformer, the combination with a core memberprovided with a vertically disposed leg member, of two flat coils loosely encircling said leg' member and mounte for movement about parallel horizontal axes disposed on opposite sides of said leg member, whereby said coils may move relatively to each other.

13. In a constant-current transformer the combination with a core member provided with a vertically disposed legmember, of twoflat coils loosely encircling said leg memher and mounted for movement about parallel horizontal axes disposed on op osite sides of said leg member, whereby sal v coils may move relatively to each other, and a linkage interconnecting said coils, whereby their planes are at all times maintained substantially parallel. I

14. In a constant-current transformer, the combination with a magnetic core provided with a vertically disposed leg member, of primary and secondar rvyindings in the form of fiat coils loosely surrounding said leg member and pivoted for rotation about horizontally disposed axes on opposite sides of said le member, respectively, a. centrally pivote 'lever' mounted above said core member, and links connecting the respective ends of said lever with the bodily movable coil portion therebeneath.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of November 1917.

V LYMAN A NOLD. 

